Portfolio Taxonomy
- Former user (Deleted)
- Former user (Deleted)
Portfolio Taxonomy Volunteers:
Below are two possible approaches to a portfolio taxonomy that can be blended and refined in an ongoing effort.
1) Robert Gérin-Lajoie
of the Université de Montréal has begun a Google spreadsheet with an initial portfolio taxonomy:
The idea is to document the fundamental objects (and their different types) that are manipulated inside a portfolio and get inside the different processes that are expressed by the Sakai personas.
The LEAP2A standards and the work of Simon Grant provide a very good foundation. Using their work, we can align Sakai 3 portfolio semantics with the international community.
For a methodology, I have created a Google Doc spreadsheet to capture the definitions and provide links to this previous work.
2) Paul Ross
from the Bexley City School District in Ohio has contributed the following taxonomy which overlaps with other proposed documents on portfolio purposes and portfolio personas. Please note that the participants on the OSP community call have decided to use the term "portfolios" instead of ePortfolios" or any other variant. Our visioning group will need to make a corresponding decision about what term to use.
Sakai Portfolio Taxonomy
DRAFT 9/20/10
DEFINITION
An ePortfolio is "a collection of authentic and diverse evidence, drawn from a larger archive representing what a person or organization has learned over time on which the person or organization has reflected, and designed for presentation to one or more audiences for a particular rhetorical purpose" (NLII, 2003).
PORTFOLIO TYPES
Showcase Portfolios: To show high quality evidence of the students work, skills, application and innovation. This portfolio can be a culminating activity showcasing the student's final efforts or can be a snapshot in time, cataloging the student's activities at key junctions. Typically showcase portfolios are customized according to the audience (dissertations, employers, award committees etc.) creating multiple portfolio views with different purposes.
Timeline Portfolios: Demonstrate the development of skills and processes over time. This portfolio is a continuous work in progress which may include self-reflective or community reflective components. The primary use of this portfolio is to show growth and development to teachers and internally provide a space for students to create a collection of their works.
Assessment Portfolios: A portfolio that is defined to meet a standard or a prescriptive set of activities or tasks. For example to demonstrate that a student has meet a series of standards for accreditation purposes, or for an end of course project. Often this type of portfolio is used to assess a student's performance culminating in a final grade or measure of growth. The assessment portfolio can also used for program assessment where the student becomes the primary provider of content with no resulting grade or individual impact after the initial submission.
Institutional Portfolios: A portfolio focusing on departmental or organizational endeavors. Some examples include: a collection of works for external accreditation bodies to assess/view; for search committees collecting documents, discussions and voting on candidates; a collection of departmental assets used on a day to day basis. This portfolio type is group or organizational centric and not focused on an individual.
Project Portfolios: This portfolio is created for a defined period of time and may have ownership by multiple persons or groups. This portfolio can operate as a separate portfolio instance which is subscribed to or included within an existing portfolio structure.
Interactive Portfolios: Portfolios that facilitate participants beyond the owner of the portfolio to interact with the content and/or the originator in a meaningful way. Common methods include the posting comments either via, voice, video or textual methods (blog/twitter etc); creating mash-ups of posted portfolio content; engaging in two way or multiparty synchronous dialog; creating self-reflection opportunities for the engager not the originator.
Hybrid Portfolios: Most portfolios systems or structures are a combination of methods, tools and features. Most systems in 2010 are hybrids utilizing content for multiple purposes by various tools and services. The one exception is the Assessment Portfolio, which may be integrated into a hybrid system or remain as a separate portfolio instance or activity for means of security or maintain an institutional assessment archive.
Comment by Helen Barrett
"A portfolio without standards, goals and/or reflection is just a fancy résumé, not an electronic portfolio" (Barrett, 1999, p.56)
PORTFOLIO OBJECTS
Matrix Object: One type of mechanism for the grouping and organizing portfolio contents that may or may not be used to show evidence of scaffolding concepts or activities. This object is traditionally driven from an assessment of learning philosophy and is a common type of ePortfolio object.
PORTFOLIO USERS
The Owner: The primary physical owner of the portfolio content who has control over the contents of the portfolio. Ownership can be shared across users and groups, for example the student may be required to submit an object and hence has ownership of the object, however the institution or a third-party may have ownership over the rubric used to assess the object.
The Originators: The person(s) or groups who have created the structure that supports or defines the contents to be included in a portfolio.
The Assessor: The person who is conducting an assessment of the portfolio contents.
The Institutional Viewer: A third party such as a professor, teacher, department, accreditation body or other body who has a viewing interest in the portfolio.
The Engager: The person or organization who has no ownership of the portfolio but are engaging the portfolios' contents in an interactive manner.
The Passive User: The person or organization who has no ownership of the portfolio but are merely viewing the portfolio contents.
The Showcase User: Yhe recipient of a customized portfolio.