Apache Tomcat - http://tomcat.apache.org/
Note: Always do a fresh install of Tomcat
Note: For Sakai versions prior to 11.4 please use Tomcat 8.0.34 or earlier. Later versions of Tomcat may cause problems. example: Sakaikey,summary,type,created,updated,due,assignee,reporter,priority,status,resolution66e9c5b5-d22c-30a2-a9d4-703f4354570cSAK-31608
Note: Windows users should ensure that there are no spaces in the complete tomcat path as this causes errors with JSF tools in Sakai
GOOD: C:\opt\tomcat\, C:\sakaistuff\installs\tomcat\
BAD: C:\program files\tomcat\, C:\opt\apache tomcat 8.0.43\

Download Tomcat from http://tomcat.apache.org/
- Windows users should get the zip file instead of installing a service
  It makes viewing the tomcat logs easier and it is easier to configure
Extract to /opt (symlink the apache-tomcat-x.y.z directory to tomcat after extracting)
- Example (assuming you have saved the file as /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.x.tar.gz)
- Windows users should either rename the directory or, if comfortable, create a directory junction using an elevated cmd prompt:
Modify conf/server.xml for international character support
1. Add URIEncoding="UTF-8" to the Connector element
  - <Connector port="8080" URIEncoding="UTF-8" ...
Set environment variable: CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Add $CATALINA_HOME/bin to PATH
Setup the SETENV file in the tomcat/bin directory with JAVA_OPTS (from Install Java 1.8).
Populate Database With Demo Data
Instead of starting with an empty database you can add the flag -Dsakai.demo=true in addition to the others shown here. During your first Tomcat launch it will populate your database with test data (students, courses, etc). Once the data has been created remove this flag for subsequent Tomcat launches. Be advised that this flag will not trigger on a database with data already in it so you must make this choice during the initial setup. It should also be noted that without this flag one will not be able to create any course sites in Sakai unless Academic Term, Subject, Course, and Section data is manually added to the "cm_" tables in the database.
Note: Because the test users are 'provided', they do not appear in the Users tool. To get started, log in as "instructor" with the password: "sakai". Then you can add various rosters, including mega sections.
Alternatively test data can be populated by running "Create sites, users and content for testing." in jobscheduler. This generates many sites, but the class sizes are smaller which is less optimal for performance testing.
We recommend using -Djava.util.Arrays.useLegacyMergeSort=true until this issue can be resolved - Sakaikey,summary,type,created,updated,due,assignee,reporter,priority,status,resolution66e9c5b5-d22c-30a2-a9d4-703f4354570cSAK-31707
1. Sakai 21 and prior:
  1. Mac/Linux: Create a file called setenv.sh with the following (alternately, you can put this into your .bashrc file so they're automatically executed):
    Tomcat 8 Mac/Linux
  2. Windows(PC): Create a file called setenv.bat with the following:
    Tomcat 8 Windows
2. Sakai 22+ (I.e. on Java 11)
  1. Mac/Linux: Create setenv.sh with the following:
  2. Windows: If you use Windows, please update this document with a suitable setenv.bat
3. [OPTIONAL] Delete the default webapps from the webapps dir (Note: this may not be desirable - webapps/ROOT contains the favicon, etc.)

Improve startup speed

You can significantly improve Tomcat's startup speed by modifying conf/context.xml to scan for TLDs only in jars of interest.

For Sakai 21 and earlier: Add this JarScanFilter block to the <Context>

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For Sakai 22 and later: In Java 11, Java EE has moved to Jakarta EE which includes JSF. Add this JarScanFilter block to the <Context>

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Install Tomcat 8 / Tomcat 9