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There are three areas that should be looked at if you're having trouble entering or displaying UTF-8 characters in Sakai:

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A good reference for Oracle 9i (especially Figure 2-8 & 2-9) is at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10500_01/server.920/a96529/ch2.htm

If that doesn't work or it gives the error "ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set" you can try

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

The above command will skip the check of character set subset or superset.

3) Make sure the (MySql) connector is defined for UTF-8 encoding in the sakai.properties file. Note that previous releases of Sakai had an incorrect default value:

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Set the property -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 in tomcat properties. (Open command window -> type "tomcat5w" -> "Java" ->"Java Options:")

You can check you file encoding with this (FileEncoding.java) java file.

import java.lang.*;
public class FileEncoding {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("file.encoding=" + System.getProperty("file.encoding"));
    }
}